Are your teeth tender? Feeling pain when you eat or drink hot or cold? Does brushing or flossing make you scowl occasionally? You may have teeth sensitivity if breathing in cold air or eating acidic, hot, or cold foods causes pain or discomfort.

Why do we feel the pain?

The tooth roots are protectively coated with a thin layer of “Cementum”. Under the enamel and Cementum lies a more porous layer called “Dentin”, which contains thousands of tiny tubes that lead to the pulp—the tooth’s nerve center. Teeth sensitivity occurs when this dentin gets exposed. When hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods come in contact with exposed dentin, or when pressure is applied, it causes pain.

Diagnosis is vital to evaluate the reason for sensitivity, and treatment is chosen accordingly. Here are some dentist-recommended at-home treatments:

• Buy a desensitizing toothpaste – It helps reduce sensitivity by blocking irritants from stimulating the tooth nerve.
• Fluoride rinse – Helps reduce sensitivity and is especially helpful for those with decay issues. Use twice daily.
• Brushing technique – Use a soft toothbrush and brush gently. Aggressive brushing wears off enamel, increasing sensitivity.
• Fluoride gel – Your dentist may apply an in-office fluoride gel to strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity.
• Gum grafting – If sensitivity is due to gum loss, gum tissue can be taken from another part of your mouth and grafted to cover exposed roots.

Tips to prevent tooth sensitivity

• Maintain good oral hygiene.
• Change your toothbrush every 3–4 months. Replace immediately if bristles are frayed.
• Use a soft-bristled brush and low-abrasive toothpaste. Avoid side-to-side brushing; use small circular motions instead.
• Use toothpaste containing fluoride.
• Floss regularly to remove plaque and food particles near the gum line.
• Avoid acidic foods and drinks such as coffee, citrus fruits, carbonated drinks, and yogurt. If consumed, drink a glass of milk afterward to neutralize acid.
• Wear a mouth guard if you grind your teeth while sleeping.
• Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups.